USA NPN National Phenology Network

Taking the Pulse of Our Planet

You are here

Winter moth caterpillar eating a leaf

Winter moth caterpillars can defoliate large deciduous trees. 

Image credit:
Milan Zubrik, Forest Research Institute, Slovakia, Bugwood.org

Winter Moth Forecast

Winter moth is a non-native insect pest that causes damage to deciduous trees, particularly maples and oaks. 

Winter moth current day forecast

Winter Moth Current Day Forecast.

Winter moth six day forecast

Winter Moth 6-Day Forecast.

Pheno Forecast maps predict key life cycle stages in invasive and pest species, to improve management efficacy.  For insect pest species, Pheno Forecasts are based on published growing degree day (GDD) thresholds for key points in species life cycles. These key points typically represent life cycle stages when management actions are most effective. These maps are updated daily and available 6 days in the future.

Help us improve these maps! Our Pheno Forecast map products are still in development, and we seek input on their performance in your area. Give your feedback on the sidebar on the right side of this page. 

Species Background

Winter moth (Operophtera brumata) is a non-native insect that was first identified in the eastern United States in 2003. The caterpillars can defoliate certain species of deciduous trees. The species is present across New England, though damaging populations are only found in eastern Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Maine. This pest does not appear to be spreading rapidly. 

Caterpillar Forecast

Winter moth, Photo: Dimitrios Avtzis, NAGREF - Forest Research Institute, Bugwood.org

We forecast caterpillar emergence based on growing degree days. A biological control (a tachinid fly) appears to be successfully controlling this pest in some years and regions. There are several methods of control depending on local context and host species. Treating the caterpillars, particularly when they first emerge, with an insecticide spray can be an effective control. For specific information on preferred treatment options in your region, we recommend contacting your local extension agent.   For additional resources, see visit the UMass Landscape Extension Information Sheet.

 

Phenophase

GDD threshold

Base temp

Start date

GDD method

Model origin

Source

Caterpillar emergence

20-350oF

50oF

January 1

Simple average

 MA

UMass Extension

More information on map development and re-use policy.

Explore Forecast